Here is some definitions, i just copy and pasted from a study guide i had to make for school, can't guarantee that the examples are accurate, but here they are:
Diction: strong pronunciation or articulation of words; choice of words that communicates a certain feeling Example: “Sorrowful homeless lining the dirty streets”
Parallel Structure: when certain words or phrases are repeated, but not using the same words, only one or a couple word(s) that connect(s) the phrases Example: “What I think, what I like, what I know, what I want, what I feel” --Toby Keith
Metaphor: used to literally compare things that aren’t alike Example: “Your heart is an empty room” --Death Cab for Cutie
Hyperbole: a phrase that is an over-exaggeration Example: “I’m going to kill you if you say that again!”
Paradox: an entire statement that only makes sense within context; it contradicts itself Example: “Silence is so freaking loud” --Sarah Dessen
Simile: compares different things using “like” or “as” Example: “I need you like a donut needs a hole” --Barry Louis Polisar
Personification: gives an inanimate object human qualities Example: “And the world keeps testing me, testing me, testing me” --John Mayer
Imagery: a statement that makes the reader feel a certain way or smell, see, feel, or taste something Example: “The palm trees swayed overhead as the salty ocean waves crashed against the shore”
Alliteration: repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words Example: “Bread baked, corn cooked”
Consonance: repetition of consonant sounds at the middle or ends of words Example: “It’s a spring thing”
Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds Example: “A boat load of work”
Rhyme: repetition of similar sounds in two or more words Example: “See it started at the park, used to chill at the dark” --Sean Kingston
Internal Rhyme: repeating similar sounds within lines Example: “I felt so bad for my dad”
Repetition: repeating similar words or phrases to create an emphasis Example: “I wanna talk about me, I wanna talk about I, I wanna talk about number one, oh my me my” --Toby Keith